Metamorphosis and Identity free essay sample

It is by scrutinizing the impacts of this change and not by pondering about the explanations for it that we can perceive how Kafka utilizes this dreamlike circumstance to introduce realities about humankind and character. The Metamorphosis is a human bit of fiction, regardless of with which point of view you channel it. Gregor is given a definitive test to any individual: a change that strips him of all his humankind for every other person separated from him, until he begins to question it himself. Kafka traces the way this is in actuality not a test that Gregor can survive, however a moderate delayed bomb to the unavoidable end. From the absolute first renowned sentence in this short story, the peruser is struck by a few things. This dubious and frequently confusing portrayal which is kept up all through the whole of the story is regularly addressed. Notwithstanding, the reality Gregor has changed into a creepy crawly that is of principal significance, not what he resembles. We will compose a custom exposition test on Transformation and Identity or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This abrupt demonstration of change in Gregors life makes a huge difference he is utilized to in his regular day to day existence. One potential purpose behind why this start is so unconventional and unique is the way that the fundamental character experiences a physical anagnorisis from the very beginning of the story, as opposed to towards the end or center. This change turns into an a demonstration of estrangement for Gregor, as his humankind, honesty and personality are violently assaulted. James D. Fearon characterizes the advanced comprehension of personality so: As we use it now, a â€Å"identity† alludes to either (an) a social classification, characterized by enrollment manages and (affirmed) trademark traits or anticipated practices, or (b) socially recognizing highlights that an individual takes an uncommon pride in or sees as unchangeable however socially significant (or (an) and (b) without a moment's delay). Following this advanced translation of personality, the thought that Gregor was at that point distanced from his character can be precluded, for he carried on with his pre-change life tirelessly, accommodating and tolerating the job he has been set to play in the social prerequisites of the world. We realize that for his life, Gregor has consistently been in this daily schedule, and even in the start of this piece, considerably after he knows about his change, he unusually still considers getting the opportunity to work in spite of the fact that he is troubled with the wretchedness of voyaging and abhors the worries of making bargains and is not, at this point genuinely human. He was the bosss animal, inept and cowardly. With his remarkable dull amusingness, Kafka plays on the word gutless to make a questionable and unexpected picture of Gregor corresponding to his boss and his activity. In any case, he wants to return to his dull activity with an energy imparted into him by the financial desires set down on him. A Marxist translation is truly reasonable with this line of reasoning in his Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx says that The bourgeoisie has torn away from the family its nostalgic cover, and has decreased the family connection to an insignificant cash connection. With this translation, we can see that Gregor has been offered an opportunity to reprieve liberated from the extremist and industrialist society he has been caught and living in, yet needs to forfeit his physical way of life too. Gregors father educates the main assistant Hes not well, trust me, sir. What other explanation could there be for Gregor to miss a train! In fact, the kid considers only business. Gregors guardians can be viewed as results of this social framework endeavoring to keep their child inside the imperatives too. Later on, the money related circumstance of the family is talked about, and the peruser can see that Gregor was the primary wellspring of salary to the family. With Gregors change and ensuing distance, he has to be sure become a minor cash connection. The virtuoso behind Kafkas composing is that he doesn't just leave them as results of society with no heart, however he adds a progressively significant profundity to them, by adding a human perspective to their commitment to keeping up a norm, safe personality. Kafka paints them as characters who really need their child to acknowledge these social requirements since they themselves don't see the imperatives in any case. It is this dread of the obscure and unpredictable that alarms them so when Gregor doesn't come out of his room, and when he does, it is his new physical personality that panics them. It very well may be said that Gregors human personality disintegrates not in view of his own loss of confidence in his own character, but since of everybody elses dismissal of him as human. To clarify this point, I allude to Immanuel Kants compelling Copernican Revolution and how it can connect into the possibility of estrangement and personality being emotional to every individual, or for this situation, various individuals whose own observation is imparted to others due to the socio-regulating thoughts they are everything considered by society. In his Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant says that: Hitherto it has been accepted that all our insight must fit in with objects. In any case, all endeavors to expand our insight into objects by building up something with respect to them from the earlier, by methods for ideas, have, on this supposition, finished in disappointment. We should in this way make preliminary whether we might not have more achievement in the undertakings of power, on the off chance that we guess that articles must comply with our insight. Kants progressive thought that items must adjust as far as anyone is concerned as opposed as far as anyone is concerned fitting in with articles can be viably applied that Gregors human personality is (apparently) lost because of everybody elses dismissal of him as somebody, or something, with a human character. As opposed to utilizing the terms articles and information, individuals (who truly are objects) and socio-regulating ideas are progressively understandable in this unique situation. In Metamorphosis, Gregors guardians socio-standardizing ideas can't adjust to post-change Gregor in any customary sense; rather than seeing this new personality of Gregor can't be comprehended in view of their profoundly instilled and constrained socio-regulating understanding. The possibility of character is all comparative with what you have been educated or advised to accept these socio-regulating ideas. It is Grete, a young lady who was as yet a multi year old youngster that generally, attempts to hold Gregors human character. This hypothesis that personality is relative is validated through Gretes relationship with Gregor. Toward the start of the story, Grete isn't seen, behind the entryway with the guardians, yet there is a noteworthy contrast. Grete is the one in particular who acknowledges the gravity of the circumstance. She is as of now wailing when she understands there is a major issue with her sibling. This is one more genuine case of Kafkas blend of his parody of society just as mankind Grete, just as her folks, knows about this break in Gregors regular dreary everyday practice, a break in the standard, yet we can see that she additionally really thinks about her sibling. Gretes relationship with Gregor advances in the most fascinating manner, following an intricate character bend. Through confronting the gigantic ramifications of what has befallen her sibling, Grete develops such a great amount of that by the end, she is the point of convergence of the story. Grete is the one character who appears checked out Gregors needs, and she is the big-hearted figure who tidies up his room and brings him food. Be that as it may, as the story advances, she turns out to be agonizingly mindful of the absence of human personality he has comparative with her, and starts to disdain this animal that speaks to her sibling towards the finish of the story, Grete frantically discloses to her folks You should attempt to dispose of this is Gregor. The way that we have accepted for such a long time, that is genuinely our genuine incident. Be that as it may, how might it be Gregor? In the event that we consistently go not far off of utilizing eighteenth century German way of thinking to attempt to comprehend the human, good and moral issues brought by Kafka up in Metamorphosis, at that point Johann Gottlieb Fichtes dealings with hesitance in his work Foundations Of Natural Right is the following idea which is straightforwardly pertinent. A Kantian pundit, what he says is a movement of what has been recently said in this paper. Fichte states that one individual’s information on the other is molded by the way that different treats the first as a free being (I. e. limits its opportunity through the idea of the opportunity of the first). However, this way of treatment is adapted by the first’s treatment of the other’s treatment and information on the first, etc ceaselessly. Along these lines the connection of free creatures to each other is a connection of corresponding collaboration through knowledge and opportunity. Right away we can see the equals between Fichtes thoughts and Gregors relationship to his family. From the disclosure of Gregors transformation, his folks quit regarding him as a free being, it is just Grete who figures out how to keep up that hallucination for a generous timeframe. Regardless of Gretes first endeavors to hold Gregors personality through attempting to see past the socio-regulating ideas that she is confined by, she can't hold up the possibility of this new Gregor. In the event that the connection of free creatures to each other is a connection of corresponding collaboration through insight and opportunity, at that point this can be viewed as a clarification for everyones dismissal of his new character. A human comprehension of insight and opportunity is limited by the way that it just applies what exactly is human Gretes information fits in with Gregors new structure, instead of assuming that Gregors new structure fits in with her constrained information. Her insight, and any people information, is the whole of encounters through tangible observations, and Gregors extensive absence of human highlights and general inconsistency with people groups discernments estranges him from his family. Not exclusively is it Gregors new phy

Confessions of a Freelance Writer

Ever needed to get into the psyches of effective independent authors and ask, how would you do it? How could you land your first huge customer? For what reason did you pick independent writing in any case? For me, before I began independent composition, I inquired about a huge amount of independent journalists. I took a gander at their page, their web-based social networking nearness, their visitor posts, their customers, or more all, how they advertised themselves. Those independent scholars helped me with my business and showcasing techniques. I likewise found out about other independent authors either by reaching them for help or finding out about them through web based life. Since my blog is tied in with helping independent essayists, I figured it is useful to talk with a portion of the astonishing consultants Ive come to know and gain from. In this way, for February, Im going to do a spotlight arrangement on independent scholars that have helped me on my excursion to progress or that have motivated me with their effective business. To launch this arrangement, I figured I should talk with myself! All in all, need to become familiar with me? You may be astounded by a portion of my answers. The SAHM With a Conundrum Im a mother and I have twin little children. Before I had my kids I was a custom curriculum educator helping kids with extraordinary requirements. Also, before this, I was a private social specialist helping kids with mental imbalance. Things being what they are, how could I hop into independent composition? The greatest central factor were my youngsters. I completed my maternity leave and I needed to settle on a choice on the off chance that I would return to being an educator. In any case, something was bothering me. I just couldnt see myself leaving my 1 year old infant twins. They were excessively youthful, in my eyes, to go to day care and I couldnt fold my head over leaving them for at least 6 hours consistently. I additionally realized that childcare would be costly for twins and any cash I earned from work would go directly to paying the childcare suppliers. Along these lines, I needed to consider something to bring cash into our family. From SAHM to WAHM My better half telecommutes. He has consistently had his own organization for whatever length of time that Ive known him, and that is longer than 10 years. He referenced to me that theres cash to be made on the web. I truly didnt think it was for me. I couldnt locate an online gig that I enjoyed. I began perusing mom web journals and discovering that a significant number of these mothers freelanced composing as an afterthought. Along these lines, I looked into increasingly about independent composition and imagined this could be something I could do. When I get a thought in my mind, I go with it full power. I set up a site, explored independent scholars and did what each new independent author does: start on content plants. I went to iWriter and got paid under $2 for a 300 word post. I abhorred it. At that point I moved to independent commercial centers like Guru. I mustve not been acceptable at these spots since I never got work from them! I pitched and pitched, yet nothing. What Does Your Husband Think About Your Choice? My better half has consistently bolstered my choices and once he saw me lock on to being an independent essayist, he helped me as much as could reasonably be expected. Truth be told, he structured my present site and helped me get a gravatar (which I thought nothing about with the exception of, at whatever point I posted a remark on a blog, I generally asked why my image never appeared). Im lucky enough to remain at home and bring up my youngsters and still work. Family assists however much as could reasonably be expected and its an alleviation to realize that I can depend on family for childcare should a cutoff time loom. Working for yourself Has Its Dark Side There are a few confinements to being an independent author. Here are mine: No social association You need to work longer hours (at any rate in the start of your vocation) and frequently miss family commitments Youre regularly working each day No occasion pay (except if you incorporate that with your rate) Online work can be unsafe. Customers may wind up not paying you or you could be holding up months or years to get paid Youll consistently be hustling Notwithstanding, there are opportunities of working for yourself: I choose my work week I pick how long I need to function I picked my rate There is no restriction to the amount I can make as a webpreneur Authority Sites and Poor Communication In the brief timeframe Ive been an independent author, Ive run over a considerable amount of rewards and difficulties. For my successes, Ive made sure about someâ big customers inside their specialties. With respect to difficulties, Im acknowledging Im not the best communicator with regards to email trades. In any case, that immediately changed. I discovered that toning it down would be ideal and that projectile records are better in email correspondences. To what extent Did It Take You to Land Your First Client? For me, it took me near 2 months after I set up my site and did all my examination to turning into an independent author (and after my iWriter and Guru stage). I applied to a car site from work board. I handled a meeting a free weeks after the fact and got the gig! Inventive Inks Goals I as of late joined a genius bunch that meets on Google home bases and one of the inquiries posed was what my objectives are for my business. Believe it or not, I truly didnt have any objectives, simply huge thoughts. For instance, I need to get more cash-flow. Or then again, I need to have more customers, with the goal that I can get more cash-flow. All things considered, during the brains gathering, I was acquainted with SMART Goals, which represent: Explicit Quantifiable Achievable Important Time-bound Essentially, so as to see improvement in your business, defining up objectives that are effectively possible, can be measured,â are clear and has a time period are simpler to achieve. Along these lines, in light of SMART objectives, Ive chose to focus on a monthlyâ income goalâ that can be reached without any problem. When I arrive at that objective, Ill increment my month to month pay objective. One approach to expand my monthlyâ income is to differentiate my salary. You can do this numerous ways, however for my business Im going to begin subsidiary promoting. Adapting your blog is probably the most ideal methods of enhancing your salary. Along these lines, pay special mind to that! How Do You Secure Gigs? Im finding the fundamental ways I secure gigs are: Inbound promoting †I frequently get demands through my contact structure on Innovative Ink Online life †Ive gotten gigs from Twitter Occupation sheets †I as of late joined Tom Ewers Paid to Blog Jobs board, so we will check whether this pays off. Top Three Resources for Newbies? At the point when I began outsourcing, I saw these sites as enormously supportive: Charming Marketing †Henneke Duistermaats duplicate site Independent Writers Online †Kirsty Stuarts independent composing webpage Composing Thoughts †Laura Spencers profoundly supportive composing site My Ultimate Advice For New Freelance Writers On the off chance that I could give only one tipâ to new independent bloggers, it would be: pitch toâ jobs you may not feel equipped for. Utilize any past understanding to draw from when pitching. The time you spent inquiring about instructive applications for your youngster could prompt a reviewing work at a beginning innovation organization. Or then again, that junior college course you took on decorative layouts could make the ways for wedding composing or composing for an occasion arranging business. In this way, take a couple of moments to record times throughout your life where you had a go at something, got the hang of something or experienced something new. You may be amazed at what aptitudes you concoct to assist you with your independent blogging. Pick up the pace Before its Too Late! Im offering two complimentary gifts for any individual who joins to my month to month pamphlet. The catch? It lapses January 31st. Thus, on the off chance that you dont need to pass up getting your free eBook to pitching to customers and a manual for key inquiries you should pose to an imminent customer, join today! Post for my first impressive independent essayist I meet, on February first.

Genetically Modified Foods

Genetically Modified Foods Genetically Modified Foods and Medicines Home›Science Posts›Genetically Modified Foods and Medicines Science PostsGenetic modification is the alteration of the genetic setup of a living organism so as to bring a specific feature to the organism. It involves the alteration of the genetic material of an organism, scientifically known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). The alteration of genetics is in a way so as to bring about a specific characteristic of the organism which could not have occurred naturally via reproduction or recombination. According to (Biology Online, 13), the modification is made on a specific chromosome which bears the characteristic that is to be modified. Genetic modification is a developing science which is producing more amazing organisms each day. The intentions of genetic modification are just. It is intended to make human life better by providing organism which best fit his needs. However numerous facts have been put forward agai nst genetically modified organisms GMOs. The effects of GMOs are many and have even been proven to be harmful to health. The following paper will take an in-depth insight into genetically modified foods and medicines ant try to present the present situation.The process of altering the genetic setup of an organism is very involving. It involves a thorough research in and out of the laboratory. The scientists and researchers identify a trait that they want in an organism. After identifying the trait, they study the genetic setup of the organism. This is done in order to identify the manner in which the gene behaves and possible ways in which it can be altered. The scientist then alters the genetic makeup of the organism then looks if he was successful or not. This is done by subjecting the organism to conditions in which the organism is expected to undergo. Tests are made on the organism to try to show if it is convenient for human consumption. According to the science museum (10), th e techniques used in genetic modification are as follows. First there is the transfer of genes from one organism to another (10). This is followed by ‘moving, deleting, modifying, or multiplication of genes which are in an already living organism’ (10). The final step is the ‘modification of existing genes or constructing new ones and incorporating them into a new organism’ (10). The main aim of genetic modification is to produce organisms which can be used for efficient food production, organisms which can be able to withstand adverse climatic conditions such as drought and cold and still be productive.Various genes have been transferred into to other organisms so as to produce genetically modified ones.   According to (Whitman 1), the use of barius thuringiensis, BT genes in corn in other plants Bts is one of the widely used gene transfers. BT is a bacterium which occurs naturally and produces crystal proteins that are resistant and poisonous to insect larvae. The bacteriu m has been transferred to corn so as to enable it to produce naturally occurring pesticides which are effective against insects such as the European corn borer. Another gene that has been transferred is the chloroplast genes which have been transferred to the nuclear plant genome. The transfer has adjusted nuclear base composition and codon usage. Other plants which have been modified are corn, cotton ,potato and tomato which have engineered for insect resistance, corn, soybean, cotton, canola sugar beet, rice and flax have been engineered for herbicide tolerance,   papaya, squash and potato have been engineered for virus resistance. Canola and soybean have been engineered for altered oil composition and tomato for delayed ripening. Chicory and corn engineered for male sterility and restorer system which facilitates plant breeding, (Transgenic crops 3).   GMOs taste almost like naturally bred foods but they have unusual characteristics for example biggness, colouring and less time o f maturity.The pros to genetic modification are numerous.   (Whitman 1) argues that genetically modified organisms are pest resistant. Losses which have been brought about by pests are astonishing. This has adverse effects on the farmers who in turn shun away from agriculture due the fear of losses brought about by pests. Pests also do cause food shortages in the world. Pest infestation has been seen to cause previous food shortages in the world. Finding food plants which are able to resist pests is a major breakthrough in the world today.  In addition to that, pest control vial genetic modification produces disease and pest free produce hence providing the consumers with good and healthy food. Genetic modification has made it easy for herbicide control. It is uneconomical and time consuming to mechanically weed farms. For this reasons, farmers tend to spray their farms with herbicides which can be harmful to the plant crops. Producing modified plants which can be able to withstand the herbicides is a great step towards herb control.Nutrition is another key area that genetic modification has been able to make a positive impact. Malnutrition which is common in many third world countries has been curbed by GMOs.   Producing crops which have more vitamins and      nutritional values as compared to the naturally occurring organisms has been a major breakthrough in dealing with malnutrition. For instance, golden rice which is known to have an unusually high content of beta carotene has been very successful dealing with malnutrition due to its high nutritional value. The rice was developed by researchers in Swiss Federal Institute of Technology for plant sciences. Genetic modification has made a positive impact on the pharmaceutical field. Human vaccines and drugs have been made through genetic modification of organisms. Measles vaccine, insulin and penicillin are great examples to genetic modification in medicine. Genetic modification has also created food securi ty in the world. More agricultural produce is now achievable which has led to an increase in food supplies in the world. Cases of drought and famine can now be dealt with in a more realistic manner since the world has food reserves which can sustain its people unlike in previous years before the introduction of genetic modification.However, genetic modification of food has provided some unforeseen dangers and disadvantages. GMOs are known to cause allergies to certain factors. Proper testing of the foods has not been done before they are released to the market for mass production.   Caution must be taken by the researchers so as they are able to produce healthy foods which are risk free. There is more health concern in GMOs. According to (Whitman 2), recent studies have shown that genetically modified potatoes have bad effects to the digestive system of rats which had been put under test. This is just one of the many surprising outcomes which have not proved to be good to the ear. C ases of human diseases which are caused by continued consumption of genetically modified foods     have posed a big question to the effectiveness of GMOs as an alternative food production means. The concerns have been great and numerous campaigns have been conducted against genetically modified foods. People are being encouraged to consume traditional foods which are nutritious in nature. Some countries have legislations which compel food manufacturers and producers to label genetically modified foods. This is with an aim of providing prior warning to the consumers before they buy food. Labeling the foods makes the consumer to be able to differentiate naturally produced food from genetically modified foods.Genetically modified foods also produce unintended harm organisms. Modification of genes in an organism may make it harmful for the survival of other organisms. For example the pollen which it produced by causes escalated mortality rates to the monarch caterpillars which consume m ilkweed plants. This in turn tips off the biological balance and creates other problems. Genetic modification leads to transfer of genes to non target species. Plants modified for herbicide resistance tend to pass the characteristic to the weeds thus creating herbicide resistant weeds which are proving hard to control. Increased use of chemicals on foods causes pollution to the soil and water. This is bad to the environment and has provided an avenue for the rise of harmful effects on aquatic life.In conclusion, genetic modification has the potential to bring about a big impact on the world. Thorough researching and testing is a must so as to ensure that human and plant health is put into consideration when creating organisms. It is a tool that can be used to curb food shortages and increase profits for farmers. However, proper care and consideration must be taken in coming up of the modified organisms. The government must come with measure to regulate the research and regulate the introduction of genetically modified organisms into the public. This will ensure that the people who are practicing genetic engineering are qualified and meet the required criteria. Researchers must test the organisms to ensure that any unforeseen effects are dealt with early at the laboratory level rather than at the market level. Altogether, drug and food production is vital for human beings and their production is a must. Genetic engineering is by now the best way to massively and effectively produce them. All that is needed is proper research and always bear in mind that human life comes first.

Kewauna And Marita Comparison Essay - 721 Words

Mia Scott September 21st, 2014 English 12/ 1A Ambitious Bargains Have you ever wanted to prove somebody or even yourself that you could do better? Have you ever wanted to prove that you were better than what you were or where you came from? That’s what two girls named Kewauna and Marita wanted to do. Kewauna wanted to better her life with the OneGoal program, she took full advantage of her education by getting to know her professors and making them remember her, and anything she struggled with she made sure to study and pay extra attention to. Marita also wanted to take advantage of her education instead of telling her mom that she couldn’t handle the KIPP Academy she toughed through it, even with a 10 hour school day she will go home†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Of the 128 students, including Kewauna, who started OneGoal as juniors at six Chicago high schools in the fall of 2009, ninety-six were enrolled in four-year colleges as of March 2012.† This proves that OneGoal is a fairly successful prep sch ool. Marita went to a school called KIPP Academy where richer kids automatically had the upper hand because of the amount of money and lifestyle they were born into. The school was known for its ascendancy in math, and that may have caused Marita to major in Accounting now that she is in college. The final comparison you can make between the two is that they both came from troubled backgrounds, poor families, and bad neighborhoods with little to no opportunities before KIPP and OneGoal. Kewauna had a very troubling childhood until OneGoal, she was arrested at 15 for punching a police officer and she was also homeless for a time in her life. She decided to change her life for the better and start doing better in school after a family intervention about her behavior. There is the only slight difference between Kewauna and Marita, Marita was not a problematic child like Kawauna she just is one of the unfortunate people born in a not-so-nice neighborhood which lessened her chances of be ing successful significantly. Luckily, for both of Marita and Kewauna they have beaten that stereotype to pieces and they both enrolled in higher education. In conclusion, Marita and Kewauna can practically be twins. But in all

Essay about Roderick Chisholm on freedom of the will

There is much debate over the issue of whether we have complete freedom of the will or if our will caused by something other than our own choosing. There are three positions adopted by philosophers regarding this dispute: determinism, libertarianism, and compatibilism. Determinists believe that freedom of the will does not exist. Since actions are events that have some predetermined cause, no actions can be chosen and thus there is no will to choose. The compatibilist argues that you can have both freedom of the will and determinism. If the causes which led to our actions were different, then we could have acted in another way which is compatible with freedom of the will. Libertarians believe that freedom of the will does exist.†¦show more content†¦The hand movement was caused transeuntly by the contraction of certain muscles, which was caused transeuntly by neurological activity in the man’s brain. So, where does the immanent causation fit in? Ultimately we can back track the transeunt causations to the immanent cause which in this case is the man causing the brain event. This brain event was not caused by any other influence. It was simply caused by the agent, who intentionally performed the action without anything causing him to do so, thus demonstrating immanent causation. Chisholm relies on the distinction between the man doing something and making something happen. The man does something by picking up the staff, and as a result he makes the other events happen. Ultimately, the determinist claims that all events have causes and therefore no actions can be free. Chisholm argues that while all events have either immanent or transeunt causes, in the case of agents the agent may be the origin of some causes and this is where we can see that freedom of the will does exist. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One objection I have is in regards to Chisholm’s immanent causation. I do not agree that an agent is able to perform an action without anything motivating or causing him to do so. In the example above an agent causes brain activity which ultimately leads to his hand moving a wand. There has to be some underlying cause that led the man to grip and moveShow MoreRelatedHuman Freedom And The Self By Roderick M. Chisholm1151 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Human Freedom and the Self,† Roderick M. Chisholm takes the libertarian stance, arguing that freedom is incompatible with determinism, that determinism is in fact false, and that humans do posses the kind of freedom required for moral responsibility. Chisholm argues that a deterministic universe, where all events, including human actions, proceed from prior events without the possibility that they would proceed differently than they do prevent the possibility that humans are responsible for theirRea d MoreHuman Freedom And The Self By Roderick M. Chisholm Essay2503 Words   |  11 PagesIn the paper, â€Å"Human Freedom and the Self† Roderick M. Chisholm offers his theory of human freedom and defends it against a couple objections. One of the objections we will talk about which is the second objection is connected to the concept of immanent causation, where causation is by an agent, he argues how the statement â€Å"the prime mover unmoved† (page 391) has been subject to difficulty. Chisholm explains immanent causation as being an agent causing the event A to happen, but although the agentRead MoreChisholm and Free Will Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesBefore I begin it is pertinent to note the disparate positions on the problem of human freedom. In Human Freedom and the Self, Roderick M. Chisholm takes the libertarian stance which is contiguous with the doctrine of incompatibility. Libertarians believe in free will and recognize that freedom and determinism ar e incompatible. The determinist also follow the doctrine of incompatibility, and according to Chisholms formulation, their view is that every event involved in an act is caused byRead More The Free Will Debate Essay2989 Words   |  12 PagesThe unique ability that each and every individual possesses that enable him/her to control their actions is known as free will. Free will is directly connected to two other vital philosophical issues: freedom of action and moral accountability, which is the main reason why the debate is so vital. Simply stated, a person who has free will refers to an individual’s ability to choose his or her route of action. However, animals also appear to suit this measure, further adding to the debate because freeRead MoreDecision Theory: a Brief Introduction28334 Words   |  114 Pagestheorize about decisions is almost the same as to theorize about human 5 activitities. However, decision theory is not quite as all-embracing as that. It focuses on only some aspects of human activity. In particular, it focuses on how we use our freedom. In the situations treated by decision theorists, there are options to choose between, and we choose in a non-random way. Our choices, in these situations, are goal-directed activities. Hence, decision theory is concerned with goal-directed behaviour

The Meaning of Gre Argument Essay

The Meaning of Gre Argument Essay The GRE Argument Essay doesn't need to be hard. Because it involves critiquing someone else's argument, rather than building your own, it may be difficult to see at first how you can keep your essay organized. An effective GRE essay is one which is planned out beforehand. The argument essay in GRE demands specific preparation as a way to attempt it successfully. Take the time to proofread your essay, when you finish writing it. There are scores and scores of mock essays on the web, and with a very simple google search, you can get access to different essays for the GRE. If you are thinking about why, it's because it isn't in any respect easy to grade your essay instantaneously. To begin with, utilize the perfect-scoring sample GRE essays within this guide as models of potential tactics to do the essay tasks. The Unexpected Truth About Gre Argument Essay There's, obviously, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. In addition, the argument doesn't cover the extra price of putting computers in the schools. It's possible for you to receive a better idea of the way to organize from tips three and four. Sometimes you must present the issue and discuss what information is necessary to resolve the issue. The Basics of G re Argument Essay There's great benefit in practicing for the essay at the right time of preparation. With just 30 minutes to finish the argument task, your work isn't to be comprehensive, yet to analyze the points that matter. Learn what you're very likely to see, and you will have a much simpler time with whatever prompt you do get, even in the event you haven't seen it before. A response that's uncertain or self-contradicting will damage your capacity to produce cogent points, and therefore don't be scared to select something that looks glaringly wrong and run with this. Today you are able to move on to a consideration of your very first principal issue. The very first facet of the essay we'll analyze is the way that it succeeds in identifying and examining the pieces of the argument that are related to the endeavor. The task presents a succinct passage where the author creates a case for a plan of action or interprets events by presenting claims and supporting evidence. W rite a response in which you discuss what questions would want to get answered to be able to choose whether the recommendation will probably have the predicted outcome. Although this essay is apparently carefully organized, it doesn't adhere to the directions for the assigned task. One of the absolute most important features about a compelling essay is its capacity to convince the reader by way of sound logical reasoning. There are several printable paper dice templates to pick from. My teaching philosophy with an absolutely free essay review free essay reviews providing an instance of how you model a great practice, or the way you challenge. You may want to point that out! So, it's rather safe to say that the AWA score is a significant enough issue in regards to admissions. Consequently, you'll end up with a score much lower than that which you actually deserve. The question of argument essay is in the shape of an argument written by means of an author. There are a few co mmonalities across all the essay prompts on the GRE Argument pool page, even past the fact which every task asks you to examine some type of argument and analyze it. You must by no means agree with the argument. Arguments are usually not well-supported or can be readily refuted, therefore, your very first sentence can produce the point that the argument isn't well-reasoned, as it leaves out factors that would want to get considered. What You Need to Do About Gre Argument Essay Starting in the Next 20 Minutes Each paragraph within the body of this perceptive essay identifies and examines an unstated assumption that is critical to the argument. If you can't locate a very clear field of argument, you should say that the author has jumped to conclusions. It isn't hard to get carried away and attempt to enumerate all the logical inconsistencies in the paragraph. Simply take a couple of minutes to plan your response and compose an outline prior to beginning your essay. No superio r writer under sunlight writes two exactly same sentences within an essay or article. If you just end up discussing two leading questions or assumptions from the argument, it's perfectly fine to wind up with two body paragraphs, but you ought to remember that in case you have time, there may be a third avenue of the argument that's well worth exploring. Likewise, the writer is optimistic concerning the state promise to wash the river. The main reason is the GRE would like to observe how you analyze an intricate matter. It is possible to then practice replicating successful connections between ideas in your practice essays. Be sure to spell out in what way the answers to the questions would help to value the conclusion. When taking the computer-delivered GRE General Test, you're absolutely free to skip questions which you might have difficulty answering.

Important Skills Of Managing Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Important Skills Of Managing Business. Answer: In the present competitive world of business, it has become extremely important for a business professional to develop important skills of managing business and other associated skills so that he can bring success to the organization and can ensure career development. I got the opportunity to study business in one of the esteemed university of the nation which had immensely helped me to develop not only my external attributes but also helped me to develop internally as a human being. It also helped me to develop ethical practices and properbusiness management skills (Kornfeld, Sznol and Lee 2015). Throughout my course, I was enlightened by our professor about the important skills needed by every business profession to ensure success in the cut throat business and apply tactics to business problem anticipations. These courses have helped me in gaining insights about how issues are identified in business and the strategies to solve them tactfully. Reflection is a mode of writing experi ences where with the help of a framework, one can reflect each of the experiences that he had during his academic, professional or personal lives. Reflection also helps an individual to develop initiatives to handle such situations intelligently when they occur again in future (Legesse 2014). In this assignment, I would be mainly reflecting on my experiences that I have gathered in my academic life as well as the knowledge which I have gained from the different course syllabus and lecture classes so that I can understand the scopes of development I have to develop a brighter future. For these, I would be mainly conducting a refection work following the Gibbs cycle which helps in unfolding of events and their solution in a systematic manner. The first step is mainly the description of the events that had taken place. I was assigned for teamwork for the academic assignments in our university. While handling the work as a team, I realized that I am quite poor in communication. I was unable to provide feedback and also receive feedback. This affected my members thinking as they believed I am being non-participative in the work. Moreover, I also suffered from the lack of motivation and therefore I was not able to give any innovative ideas which resulted in negative feelings of the team members against me. I was also unable to develop proper relationships with my team members due to inappropriate social skills. Moreover, I also reacted violently when a member confronted me stating that I could not do the work properly when in reality I was really unable to conduct it in a systematic manner. Not only that, in the next task, I did not think about the teams entire success and only took part in my own work without helping the team to succeed. I only looked over my part which affected the team as a whole. The next stage is the feelings stage where an individual needs to describe the feelings he developed form the experiences. From the entire experiences, I realized that I was gradually losing my self confidence. The negative vibes that I was receiving about my working styles as well as the unsuccessful work output had made me develop a feeling that I was not suitable to conduct business and management. Moreover, I had nothing to look forward to, which was affecting my self esteem and hence I was gradually losing hope in my subject. The next step is the evaluation stage. During such low phase, I took the help of Zimmermans articles to develop an idea about self learning procedure and tried to implement the skills taught in my lecture class. I learnt that students should personally initiate and then direct their own efforts so that they can acquire knowledge and skills in place of relying on teachers, parents or other agents of instruction. According to him, self regulated academic learning has the most beneficial effect on the individuals as they help the students to fight out their own problems and develop abilities which help them to overcome the barriers. This is done by gaining knowledge responsibly and applying them in reality. Spoon fed knowledge do not have long lasting impact as students become dependent. Three important initiatives are proposed by the researchers for the best self-regulated knowledge gathering. The first one is the self regulated learning strategies which are mainly actions and processe s that help in acquiring skill that incorporate purpose, agency and instrumentality perceptions by learners. These mainly include organizing and arranging the information gathered from the classes and then transforming them, self consequating them and then seeking information. This is then followed by rehearsing and using memory aids. Zimmerman has then defined self efficacy as the aspect that refers to the perception about an individual as capability which help him in organizing and thereby implementing actions which are necessary to attain designated skills for tasks (Zimmerman, 2002). Commitment to academic goals like that of social esteem, better grades, post graduation employment opportunities, all vary in nature and accordingly should be attended in time. Therefore, following perspective of Zimmerman, I got a systematic approach of following my lecture notes and venture my memory again to connect my incapability with the skills taught in class so that I can overcome my issues. The next stage is the analysis stage. In this stage, I tried to follow Zimmermans strategies of self regulated learning. Here I tried to reflect the knowledge of the nine weeks of my learning in the university and tried to evaluate them so that I can apply the skills in my real life. We had a class on the importance of emotional intelligence where I gathered knowledge and developed an idea about how different components of emotional intelligence like self awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy as well as social skills can help me in handling various situations. I realized that I am poor in social skills as I could not develop bonds with them. I was poor in the skill of empathy as I shouted on one of the team members without considering the situation. I also lacked motivation and could not control my emotions. I gathered all these information after linking my knowledge gathered form lecture classes with my prevailing skills and aspects. Moreover I also leant from our lecture notes about how to maintain teamwork by proper communication. Through my self-regulated learning, I gradually understood the mistakes which I was making when I tried to work in a team. Tuckman and Jensen in the year 1977 have taught us the five important steps of group development like forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning and next steps (Gul et al. 2016). I believe that if I follow these steps form my learning procedures I would be able to conduct proper team work in my future organizations which would help me in developing productivity of the team. It would also help me in aligning with the goals and objectives of the organization. My self-regulated research also helped me to come across different ethical considerations which are very important to maintain proper business and work. I realized I was actually bound with ethical egoism as I was only thinking of my own success and benefit rather than considering the successful outcomes of the whole groups. For all these, I decided to conduct the Johari window so that I can learn the different characteristics I have and those which are lacking in me or are not known by others. All these information would be used by me so that I can develop as a perfect business professional in life (Germack 2014). The next stage is called the conclusion phase. From the entire evaluation and analysis phase; I realized that the courses which were provided to us had helped in development of us as business professionals. The knowledge provided by the course is very specific as they help to develop each and every business skills in detailed manner which make us understand how we can modify ourselves to suit the situations. The courses have given us an idea about how to proceed with a systematic procedure by following different theories given to us by researchers over the years so that we can implement them in our own practice. It also gives us ways of empowerment with our developed skills along with proper ethical reasoning so that we can conduct business honestly and ethically for the greater good of the nation (Hodges et al. 2015). The next stage is the stage of setting action goals. I, as new participant in the business world would try to regularly go over my class lectures notes along with their evidence based journal papers from the university library. These are some of the best ways to conduct self regulated academic studying as suggested by Zimmerman and would constantly keep on reflecting on my present experiences so that I can get insight about me. This insight would help me to link with my course knowledge and thereby develop my skills for reaching the zenith of success. References: Germak, A.J., 2014.Essential business skills for social work managers: tools for optimizing programs and organizations. Routledge. Gul, F. and Mehmood, N., 2016. A Study to Assess Relevance between Content of Business Courses and Development of Entrepreneurial Skills in Technology Education Institutes.Journal of Social Sciences Humanities (1994-7046),24(2). Hodges, N., Watchravesringkan, K., Yurchisin, J., Hegland, J., Karpova, E., Marcketti, S. and Yan, R.N.T., 2015. Assessing curriculum designed to foster students entrepreneurial knowledge and small business skills from a global perspective.Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal,43(4), pp.313-327. Kornfeld, J., Sznol, J. and Lee, D., 2015. Characterizing the business skills of the public health workforce: practical implications from the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS).Journal ofPublic Health Management and Practice,21, pp.S159-S167. Legesse, D., 2014. Basic business skills (BBS) training of trainers training report. Zimmerman, B.J. 2002 Achieving Academic Excellence: A Self-Regulatory Perspective in Ferrari, M. (ed) The Pursuit of Excellence Through Education. Lawrence, Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ. Pp.85-110.

Innovation Management in Honda

Introduction Innovation is change and for any change to be effective, it must be built on the previously existing systems and confer better results. Managers have to be keen on the innovation network for it to yield the desired results. There is also a need to involve other firms with the same vision as innovation is continuously being brought forward through collaboration.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Innovation Management in Honda specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If innovation is successful, then it serves the parent company as well as the industry at large. For this to happen, there has to be a lot of interdisciplinary networking, a seamless chain of operations that minimizes wastage in terms of both resources and time. Innovation management is thus, the coordination of management and engineers with a view to the realization of set company goals through a laid out process. With a stable management process, opportunities arising both internally and outside of the company can be seized and new ideas presented and in the end, new innovative products. Innovation management is not only a management or engineer issue but also a process that is inclusive of all staff regardless of where they work. It is an evolutionary process and not a one off thing and hence, management must develop the culture of innovation by building the channels that encourage it in the company. A series of activities that include search, select, implement and capture must (Trott 2005) be instigated for there to be good innovation management. Innovation can either be pulled or pushed, with the push coming from already invented or existing technologies that the company aims at cashing in on whereas the pull process comes from the realization that a vacuum exists where customer needs are not being adequately met. The company thus focuses its efforts in trying to close that vacuum by innovating new products for that set of market. Both processes can only be achieved if enough information is acquired and teams that are versatile invested in. Due to the stiff competition in the market, product lifetimes have been greatly reduced and hence, innovation managers have to be faster in coming up with better products that improve on the quality of existing ones.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this paper, we are going to critically analyze the process of innovation management in Honda using the tools of search, select, implement and eventually capture. Finally, we are going to make recommendations that are aimed at improving the management of innovations. The reason we focus on Honda is that it has been a market leader in the motorcycle industry since 1959. Additionally, there was sufficient information on the company available for this research. Honda is also the leading manufacturer of interna l combustion engines by volume in addition to it being the largest producer of motorcycles globally. In 2001 it became the second largest vehicle manufacture in the Japanese market only exceeded by their perennial rivals, Toyota, the fourth largest automobile manufacturer in the US and sixth largest globally (Taylor 2008). They were the first to manufacture a luxury vehicle in Japan and have since diversified their products to include generators, gardening machinery, marine engines and aircrafts. The company spends about 5 percent of its revenue on RD (research and development). Honda released the first hybrid electric vehicle one month before Toyota’s release of the prius, touted to be the best hybrid. The EPA had it as the most fuel efficient vehicle commercially produced in the US. The problem arose from the failure of a follow up market plan to raise necessary awareness for the products to be well received in the market and also the release of the prius which was an impro vement on the Honda model. Honda thus shows sustainability where it comes to innovation and industry change. It has produced products that continually seek to change the dynamics of the market. In this research, I shall discuss various steps of innovation management namely; search, selection, implementation and capture. Finally, I shall make recommendations as to the best practices on the same. Through this format, it shall be easy to see how successful innovation management is done.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Innovation Management in Honda specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Search The 21st century is one that is characterized by many challenges. Traditionally, a company solely focused on delivering high quality products to their customers incurring the least costs while increasing efficiency. In this century however, the green movement has taken the forefront in advocating environmental responsibility. Glob al warming and dumping of wastes pose a challenge for environmentalists globally and the world at large unanimously accepts that the time for action is now, if the future of generations to come is to be secured. It is in the backdrop of these challenges that companies are working round the clock to come up with innovative ways of reducing emissions that are touted as the leading causes of ozone layer damage and consequently global warming. The companies that will manage these innovations most effectively are the ones that are likely to come out on top.  In this chapter, we will focus on searching for opportunities for innovation. As carbon emissions are the leading pollutants of the environment, automobile companies and other manufacturing firms need to take the lead in looking for ways of building alternatives to carbon. The reduction in emissions alone is not the greatest motivator of innovation but also the total process of bringing positive impacts into the environment as a wh ole including reduction of other wastes used in the manufacturing process, recycling water and land reclamation. This thus poses an opportunity for Honda to capitalize on and lead the way into the future of manufacturing without pollution. Honda can handle these issues by utilizing manufacturing methods that emit less carbon dioxide e.g. by using renewable energy instead of coal. Human life is very valuable. Therefore, automobiles need not be ambassadors of death but rather helpful gadgets with a multiple of useful ways.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is hence a need to make automobiles with increased safety features that reduce the risk of accidents and whose major priority is the reduction of fatalities resulting from automobile crashes. An opportunity thus arises that challenges automobile manufacturers like Honda to develop cars that prevent crashes a break from the crashing cars of today. With technology dictating nearly all aspects of our lives nowadays, the future can only present opportunities for better technological innovations that improve our lives further. Honda is not solely a vehicle and motorbike manufacturer, but rather a company with a wide range of products aimed at improving the lives of people. The future, with good management insight, will offer the company better opportunities to grow their range of products. Another avenue that presents an opportunity for innovation is the discovery of new markets. Infrastructure varies from country to country depending on a wide range of factors including the income levels of the residents and the natural conditions like the geography, topography or the climatic conditions of those areas. To build efficient machinery, a company must be able to face the challenges new markets pose and in so doing, remarkable innovations may arise. For example, vehicles that are primarily built with cold areas in mind cannot be expected to utilize the same cooling mechanism as those adorning the desert. Therefore, entry into new markets can challenge a company to be more innovative. In the meantime, as the world is tirelessly searching for an alternative source of energy and move away from petroleum, companies are choosing to take baby steps towards this goal by producing gadgets that are fuel-efficient. The company that develops the most efficient vehicle with no emissions detrimental to the environment is going to be the market leader in technological advancement. A multinational company looking to be the best in the market must also develop ways of producing its parts efficiently. This poses a challenge for the management in deciding where they source their raw materials centrally or individually. Innovative ways of managing this money-saving venture, can be developed and may be adopted by other companies in the future. In addition, Honda managers should encourage competition amongst staff. This could be through the setting up of bonus schemes and performance based benefits. This could act as a trigger for innovation. Finally, Honda should outsource those parts of its manufacturing processes that are bulky and unprofitable. This should enable the firm to focus more on issues such as research and development that require innovation but have higher returns. Select To choose what opportunities to capitalize on, management has to be on toes to ensure that priority is given only to those it deems most profitable and also those which champion the course of the company best and have the best interest of the wider society at heart including the environment. Strategies must therefore be crafted, which actions are going to be taken and why they are the best from the choices available. Since every company in the world is adopting the green concept, Honda has also joined the fray with a number of noteworthy interventions. The management has developed several plans over time aimed at the maximization of the available raw materials with minimum wastage and in line with the set international standards. It is important for the company to examine this option critically as it may be the difference between future success and failure. A company should venture into aggressive marketing (Tidd and Bessant, 2009) to communicate to its customers its products, philosophies and other information that may give it the cutting edge it requires to make headway into the future and win customer loyalty. Honda does market its products on different media, but rather than have a central point, their marketing techniques are disjointed and are not re flective of the collective outlook the company would like to project but rather reflect the company branches individually. To develop a successful product, regardless of where it is being marketed, there is need to set a common ground that the customers can identify with. Investment is the driving force behind the most innovative teams because it gives engineers the confidence to experiment without any financial constraints. The fear of failure usually caused by lean budgets and rigid company policies can stall innovation and in turn retard company growth (Arnold et al 2009), missing opportunities to make headways and in the long run loosing business. It is therefore important for a company to push for innovative thinking by encouraging failure as long as they learn from it. It is said that success only amounts to 1 percent of the effort made; otherwise, the other 99 percent is failure which preceded the success. Honda encourages its engineers and designers to challenge themselves a nd develop new ideas. This concept may sometimes backfire as usually the best way to correct a mistake is to go back to the beginning and examine the basics once more rather than persisting on the same path leading to inevitable failure, ruing wasted company funds. A lot of research work is needed to ascertain what the customer desires are. If the company products are parallel to the expectations of the customer, then the company is doomed to fail. Therefore, there is need for investment in market research and also in technology research as new materials are being developed, which may improve designs and systems tremendously. Honda has been successful in the development of products that are widely accepted by clients e.g. the minivans and courier motorbikes, albeit against the backdrop of immense failure. For example, the first type of motorcycles that were successful in Japan was not as nearly successful in the United States due to the differences in roads structures. In summary, H onda seems to be focused on the four areas of fuel, process, design and end-use when it comes to selecting what to capitalize on. However, Honda should not lose focus of innovation outside what is considered conventional. Even within the four areas, Honda can still come up with ideas that can lead to a new competitive edge such as recycling of old motor vehicles which can be much cheaper than direct production. Other ideas could include designing electric bikes or those that can utilize hydrogen and other commonly found elements to fuel them. Implement This is the part that deals with the actions taken in order to meet the set goals and with the recommended methods. Implementation can be relatively easy depending on the information provided or it can be difficult if the information is insufficient or looks good on paper but unattainable. Honda has over time developed a number of machines. From their initial identity as motorcycle manufacturers, they have diversified to other kinds o f machinery and are even the largest manufacturers of engines. This growth can obviously been attributed to the size of investment in money, labor and technology. The company developed its first jet which has 35 percent more efficiency in fuel consumption in comparison to jets of similar make. This was achieved by the utilization of superior materials, developed by the company, compounded by better aerodynamics, more efficient engine and body designs. This can be considered as a landmark achievement for the company worthy of commendation. However, poor marketing has led to the low sales of this particular product. In order to achieve the goal of achieving the car that protects against crashing, Honda developed a CRW model that featured improved systems that informed the driver if he was too near to the next car and would retract the safety belt if the driver moved forward. This navigation breaking system, albeit with wonderful designs, has not been largely accepted by the customers as it is not easily controllable and demands too much of the driver. Many people prefer their own judgments while driving and this has contributed to the low reception that has greeted this model. Honda has developed a pioneer humanoid robot which has intelligent capabilities after over 20years of experiments. This is a fast for the company on its many innovative fronts. More research is needed for this model known as ASIMO as it has received massive criticism from the humanists who claim that the company is aiming at substituting the human functions, however, the company claims that the development of this robot is meant to be of assistance to humans but cannot substitute the human basic senses which we heavily rely on. The only natural gas vehicle, which is sold in the US, is the Honda Civic GX (Gable 2008). This car has been in the market and it is the ‘most green’. With the emphasis on being green, you would expect this car to be the most sought. On the contrary, it has received a very low reception from dealerships and consumers alike although this has been coupled by the lack of a marketing strategy from the company for this invention. Consumers sight the hefty amount of money required to buy the car and the lack of natural gas fueling stations as the reason they have not considered the car. In an attempt to be green, Honda has outsourced its services having nothing to do with the actual manufacture of cars. The company has further set procedures it says are meant to reduce distractions in the manufacturing plants by having all staff in white laboratory coats. This they say, being a standard in all their plants worldwide, is aimed at making their operations uniform around the world (Dogson 2008). Their plants are also very well attended to and have well-trimmed gardens, and other aesthetics not typical of manufacturing plants. In furthering their green course, they do not expend any waste as all their material are recycled or converted into sources of energy. They have adopted a clean and green mantra and assert that what is produced under unclean circumstances cannot be expected to be of high quality. However, going green is yet to rake in actual profits for Honda, in fact it seems to be more of an obsession rather than an upgrade of operations. Capture This part involves getting the benefits from the actions taken during the implementation stage. It involves a coordinated efforts aimed at quantifying the monetary and the other benefits that accrue from the implementation of the innovations. Companies mostly apply the tactic of aggressive marketing to inform customers of their products. This is also a coordinated effort that requires extensive research, planning and budgetary allocation to be successful (Wang 2009). All innovation would be in vain if the products developed do not get the required attention in the market. In order to capture the markets attention and reap the benefits, there needs to be a relentless ca mpaign that focuses on getting vehicles off the factory and onto the roads where they are required. Honda has outsourced its maintenance department that deals with the upkeep of their plants in a bid to eradicating distractions that may arise from these activities. This is a laudable maneuver, as engineers are not expected to fully concentrate on their innovative obligations and simultaneously undertake the maintenance of the facilities. The benefit of having an expert in plant maintenance is that hazards that may arise from otherwise trivial occurrences are minimized. Innovation leads to the discovery of better materials that reduce environmental pollution. In order to attain the required levels of emission, Honda has endeavored into the production of lighter materials for their jets, which are recyclable with minimal wastages. The environmental benefits can be immense not only for the company presently but for even the future undertakings. Honda has the best concept in the world f or a vehicle that solely relies on natural gas and therefore very environmental friendly. In order for the obvious benefits to be realized from the sale of this model, the company needs to adopt a strategy that aims at reducing the purchase price of the vehicle and also availing the necessary ingredients needed for the model to run properly. This maneuver can ensure that people invest their money on this model. Considering that the model has been in the market since 1998 and has neither been embraced by the customers nor the dealerships, there is a need to refocus on the part of the company. Recommendations Employees are undoubtedly a valuable resource in any company whichever level they serve at. Therefore, for Honda to make great strides towards a better future, employee involvement in matters of management is paramount. Lack of a coordinated effort that aims at giving a voice to employees can spell ultimate loss of the innovative edge. It is not the engineers who have the greates t view of what vacuum exists in the market! It might be the staff member who is not involved in the manufacture of the vehicles but uses them on a daily basis as he commutes to work. In the past, when Honda was introduced into the US, the company was marketing motorcycles with large engine capacities. However, the company staff used scooters to commute to and from work. It is the scooters, rather than the big engine motorcycles that elicited interest fro the local folk. The company thus endeavored into the manufacture of the Supercub which was very well received by the US consumers. Honda’s management should venture into aggressive marketing of their products so that the customers are aware of the range of products they have. They have too many inventions that the low-key reception of some of their products point towards poor marketing strategies rather than the lack of a market. The company, in this respect should be in a position to determine what their competitors are work ing on and have times when they release their products into the market. Clogging the market with many new products simultaneously may be counter productive and forces customers to adopt a wait and see attitude, in anticipation for a better design of the product from the same company. Honda sources most of the parts they use in their assembly plants from Japan. This move is both laudable and regrettable. It is laudable in the sense that there is standardization in the manufacture of the parts and hence uniformity is possible for all models. The move is however, a miscalculation on the part of the company as shipments from Japan into other countries are subject to delays and other unforeseen occurrences (Yoshio 2011). Most recently, there was an earthquake in Japan that caused massive destruction and logistical nightmares and the company was inevitably affected. There should therefore be decentralization of production factors in a bid to spread risks and shelter the company from unnec essary losses. The natural gas driven car was a good concept for this era. It has however gone against the grain of expectation and while this may point towards the lack of a marketing strategy, it also points towards the lack of adequate investment in the support facilities required to run this car. Japanese models usually have a reputation for being affordable to customers and this is largely due to the adaptation of the concept of scale economies, where massive numbers of a product are manufactured attracting investments for support facilities, making the spare parts for these models available and affordable and consequently eliciting interest from customers. Honda should have implemented the concept of scale economies in order to realize more sales from a better reception of this model. Conclusion From the above, we can draw the following conclusions: Honda is one of the most innovative companies in the market today and this reputation has been built over a long period of time Its success can be attributed to visionary leaders who relentlessly continued to push for better products and more involvement. The company is just beginning to compete on a scale with other market leaders. The firm lacks a solid innovation management plan As initially stated, innovation management is not just the production of new technologies or products but rather the whole process including manufacturing and marketing (Burns et al 1991). It encompasses broadly all factors leading to the successful use of a product domestically or commercially without it posing a risk to either the consumer or the environment. With the shift of the market towards the reduction of over-reliance on petroleum, there is need to have a solid innovative plan that seeks to eradicate all sources of energy tied to petroleum. For example, when constructing a hydrogen-run car, there is need to ensure that the hydrogen used is not sourced from fossil fuels (Fackler 2008). This requires critical thinking and a total shift from the current way of thinking. To maintain sustainability, Honda should look into more long-term measures since their current policies do not seem to appreciate future challenges such as the insecurity of relying on petroleum products. If the company was to implement the recommendations outlined in this report, then it could be on the verge of a brighter and more productive future. References Arnold, H. et al. (2009) Applied Technology and Innovation management.  London: Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht Burns, T. and Stalker, G. (1991) The management of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press. Dogson, M et al. (2008) The Management of technological innovation: strategy  and practice. New York: Oxford University Press Fackler, M. (2008) Latest Honda Runs on Hydrogen, Not Petroleum. New York Times Gable, C and Gable, S. (2008) Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) Available. About.com: Hybrid Cars Alt Fuels. Web. Web. Taylor, A. (2008) America’s Most Admired Com panies: Honda. Web. Tidd, J. and Bessant, J. (2009) Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological,  Market and Organizational Change (4.ed). Chichester: Wiley. Trott, P. (2005) Innovation Management and New Product Development. Prentice Hall. Wang, W. (2009) Guangzhou Honda adopts new brand strategy to grab market share. Web. Yoshio, T. (2011) Honda Exports from Japan Unlikely To Decline Soon. Dow Jones newswire. Web. This report on Innovation Management in Honda was written and submitted by user Maginty to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Toxic Waste Effects1 essays

Toxic Waste Effects1 essays Canada and all of the developed countries in the world produce some kind of toxic waste(s). It doesn't matter whether it's a chocolate bar wrapper or a canister of highly radioactive plutonium, they're potentially dangerous to us and/or our natural environment unless properly disposed of. Toxic waste is defined as any waste that is hazardous to human health or to our natural environment. According to the Institute of Chemical Waste Management, about 15% of our garbage is classified as toxic, and only 85% (approximately) of that is disposed of properly. The rest is either illegally dumped or accidentally mixed up with non-toxic garbage. That 15% may not seem like a lot, but when you consider the millions of tons of toxic waste that we produce every year, that 15% is enormous. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that we produce one ton of toxic wastes for every single person living in Canada every year. That means that the 15% represents about 4.2 million tons of toxic waste. Toxic wastes which are dumped in improper sites can seep into underground water supplies and contaminate huge areas. If the land that is intoxicated supports plant life, most of the plants and trees will die off. If the area is lived on by humans, it could cause serious illness or death. For example, an area by Niagara Falls (US side) was used during the 1930s by a chemical company to dump it's wastes. Most of them were hazardous, and the containers that held the chemicals later (after the company had gone out of business) began to leak. The chemicals spread for miles killing off plants and causing cancers and deadly diseases in humans. Included in these wastes was a chemical called dioxin... one ounce of it used under the right circumstances was enough to kill off everyone in One of the most popular places to dump toxic wastes is in the oceans. ...

Behavioural Finance Viev On Market Bubbles Essay

Behavioural Finance Viev On Market Bubbles - Essay Example This paper investigates these market events through relevant research material and identifies the anatomy and behavioral finance phenomena of the events using information. The tulip bulbs speculation, which was at its peak in February 1637, and the consequent market crash that followed mark the most notorious economic hard times in the History of Dutch (Goldgar, 2007:5). Together with Britain’s Sothern Sea Buble in the 18th century, these are the earliest example of irrational market behavior that affected investors in Europe. The Semper Augustus, a tulip bulb type, was both sublime and prosaic than any comparable bonds or stocks, it was extraordinarily beautiful with its pure white top and midnight petals combined with accents of crimsons flares. In history, it remains the most valuable flower to date. Back in the early 1624, an individual in Amsterdam in possession of the last dozen specimens of tulips was o be given a high of 3,000 guilders, an equivalent of a wealthy merch ant’s annual income, but turned down the offer. This is the height of how speculations had raised the prices of the tulip. Nonetheless, the tulip craze was not only in Dutch. The flower was an enchantment for the rulers of the Ottoman Empire and the Persians in late 1550s, but it was in Holland where the flower found its fertile ground, economically (Goldgar, 2007:15). Holland was in the Golden Age in the early 1700s and all the resources that the country had directed towards the fight with Spain for their independence were now concentrated on commerce. Amsterdam was strategically at center of the East Indies trade, which enabled a single voyage to gain four times its value in the lucrative market place. Flower gardens surrounding their grand estates usually evidenced their success in the trade. This was the trigger for the tulip craze. Tulip prices began rising significantly as the rich lot in Holland not considering the value of the tulips. The tulip business became the new order of business setting by professional tulip traders with the customers coming from tulip fanciers (bloemisten) in middling groups rather than the nobles or artisans. The enthusiasm of owning prized specimens of tulips was a cultural credential display. The cultural credential associated with the tulips, combined with the fact that the seed takes seven years to grow, and that a mother bulb can only last a few years, was the foundation of the supply crisis. There were many buyers for the bulbs with a limited supply, which in economics results to a rise in the price of the commodity (Goldgar, 2007:86). The prices of the bulbs rose consistently over the early 1930s because of more speculation. The farmers and traders mortgaged all their assets in order to raise more capital for the trade. By 1936, any tulip bulbs, even the ones the current society considers garbage, could simply trade for hundreds of guilders. The peak of the tulip mania was in the early 1937 when a single tulip bu lb could change hands up to a maximum of ten individuals in a single day. The exact all time high of the tulip trade was at an auction whose proceeds would benefit seven orphans who had inherited 70 tulips from their father.

Georgia State Flag Issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Georgia State Flag Issue - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that the state of Georgia has had the greatest number of flags in the United States’ history. Controversies over the design of the Georgian State Flag have existed for a long time. Recently, Georgia’s flag was changed thrice between January 2001 and May 2003. The reason for these changes was the presence of the Confederate Battle symbol on the flag. The inclusion of the Confederate Battle Flag on the Georgian flag in 1956 has caused the greatest controversy in the history of Georgia’s flags. Criticisms of the flag began as soon as the flag was authorized and continued until the design was changed in 2001. The announcement by Governor Zell Miller of Georgia in 1992 that he would support the removal of the Confederate Battle symbol from the Georgian flag aroused renewed arguments. Governor Zell Miller attempted to redesign the Georgian flag but his efforts were thwarted by intense debates by the state’s elected representatives. Efforts t o redesign the flag were revived in 2000 when some black leaders from Atlanta pushed for the removal of the Confederate stars and bars from the flag or else they would boycott events such as the NCAA basketball tournament. A new flag design was revealed to the public and legislators. The new flag was meant to unite all Georgians and it minimized the prominence of the Confederate Battle flag from the Georgian flag. However, the Georgians were not satisfied with this flag and another one was designed in 2003. Currently, the Georgians use the 2003 flag design that they voted for in a referendum in 2004. This paper explores the controversy surrounding the Georgian flag and the reasons for changing the flag design numerous times. The legislators who championed the change of the flag are also discussed. Causes of Georgia’s Flag Controversy The main source of controversy was the inclusion of the Confederate Battle Flag in the Georgian flag. This flag was used by the Confederate Stat es of America during the Civil War. The Confederate States of America consisted of Southern American States that had broken away from the Union. The Confederate Battle Flag, also referred to as the Southern Cross, consisted of a blue St. Andrews cross on a red square background1. Thirteen white stars were enclosed on the blue cross representing the number of the states of the Confederacy. The blue cross was enclosed in thin white borders. This flag was widely accepted by the members of the public and the soldiers. The Confederate Battle symbol was incorporated into Georgia’s flag in 1956. There was a proposal to include the Confederate Battle Flag in Georgia’s state flag in 1955. Senate Bill No. 98 was introduced by Senators Willis Harden and Jefferson Lee Davis to change the design of Georgia’s state flag. The law authorizing the use of the new flag design was signed in 1956 by Governor Marvin Griffin. This was a sign of defiance to the Federal government for i nterfering with the rights of the state. One of the contentious issues at that time was racial integration in schools. The legislators were fighting the move by the Supreme Court to allow integration of races in public schools. The symbol was widely used in entertainment, books, and clothes and was used to show opposition to the Federal government. This flag was used in the state of Georgia as from 1956 to 2001. However, during this period, there were protests from Georgians because of the inclusion of the Confederate Battle Flag. Many people were dissatisfied with the design2. In the 1980s and 1990s, several Bills were introduced in an attempt to change the flag to the previous design3. Since the inclusion of the confederate battle flag in Georgia’s flag, there have been several attempts to change it. However, the controversy that occurred between 1990 to the present was the most intense, leading to the change of the

A Theory On Nation Building Politics Essay

A Theory On Nation Building Politics Essay There are different theories of nation-building and state-building that explain how a state and nation should be built. Most of the theories take their point of departure from Western models of state that is often inappropriate for African countries.  [1]   Nation-building has emerged in 19th century from nationalism in Italy and Germany and continued by external actors in post-WWII  [2]  in Germany and Japan. However, it is difficult to speak about nation-building in those two countries, as their nations; with strong cultural and ethnic bonds, already existed and focused more on building of democratic institutions. The conditions for nation-building, including homogeneity of the population, were much more positive than they are in Africa.  [3]  Due to this fact, this model is insufficient to explain the complexity of the situation in Somalia. Therefore we have decided to use a theory that encompasses also importance of element of nation, national identity and its integrity together with state-building. On the one hand, nation-building is a process of socio-political development. This, at least ideally, shall bring loosely linked communities together, becoming one society. This process can start off of political, economical, social, cultural or other reasons. As this process can involve extremely different dimensions, positively (economical integration) as well as negatively (repressions like ethnic cleansing) it is not clear that nation-building actually is successful.  [4]   On the other hand, it is a political objective as well as a strategy. This means that either internal or external players try to create a system that is constituted under a nation-state. Then, the term nation-building has a rather programmatic or conceptional character and cannot be used for analysing the political and social process. Therefore, this objective or strategy is mainly used in a development strategy in order to serve nation-building.  [5]   However different these two definitions are, there are three core elements counting for both: integrative ideology, integration of a society and development of a functional state (state-building). For a successful nation-building, this results in a triangle, Hippler argues, having state-building, social integration and ideological legitimacy at its corners, of which all corners need to be fulfilled. Some aspects of the elements can be introduced and provided from outside, while others can only be built from inside, such as ideological legitimacy.  [6]  Now we will describe different element in their theoretical perspective. Integrative ideology To begin with, there is a need to stem from an integrative ideology in order to build up a national feeling and give the people, through this, a national identity. Therefore, a common ground for all different groups in this emerging nation needs to be found. This could be, for example, religion, language or history. Obviously, the more in common, the bigger is the chance to build up one society. It is important to state, that, in this case, ideology should be understood in neutral terms as systems of thought and fundamental philosophies that explain the past, present and future according to certain value models.  [7]  When we look closer on the national identity, we can find several definitions. We have decided to connect two of them theoretically. One describes modern approach critically and It is also very important that this ideology comprises ideas applicable to everyone and idea of national cohesion must be stronger than the idea of separation.  [8]  Connecting ideology with national identity, different people have their own individual identities. As long as the primary identity and loyalty lies with the tribe, clan or an ethnic or ethnoreligious group and the national identity level remains subordinate or missing, a nation-state will continue to be precarious.  [9]   Crucial role in the formation of nation is played by government, elite or ruler. There are different criteria that government has to meet in the process of nation-building. First of all, government has to examine what has been done in the past, to be able to make people believe in better future. For example if the collapsed ruling regime left people hurt and full of distrust in the government, this fact has to be taken into considerations when building a nation. Therefore confidence in state institutions destroyed  [10]  should be prognosis for better future. Another influential element is population actually has to be willing to cooperate, to be motivated in creating, supporting and shaping the nation.  [11]  Finally, concept of nation has to fulfill different criteria in the perception of the people: centrality and extent nation-building shouldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦occupy a central position in peoples everyday political and social lives?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ association with other issues on the agenda connecting with the experiences of the target groups narrative familiarity flexibility and openness to change With clever policies and respect for the differences between different social groups in the nation, government can successfully develop a strong national identity and nation-building process. Integration of society Integration of society in the nation is very important element of nation-building. In post-colonial states it is usually understood in connection with democracy and third wave of democratisation. The nation-building was accompanied by high expectations from the West and in many post-colonial countries different ethnic groups are gaining meaning in the changing institutional system.  [12]   Generally, we define three models of national unity, that will help us to understand how in divided societies nation-building can take place. Those are: Imperium, Culturally homogenous nation of modern age and Pluricultural integration. In the imperium, there is a set hierarchy, while religion is dominated by the ruling elite. There is no necessary desire for unified culture and communication. Integration is achieved through differences.  [13]  Looking at culturally homogenous nation of modern age, we can see patterns of secularisation keeping culture and religion apart from the state. Culture of the majority or elite is, again, supported. Nation-building processes are underpinned by regulated norms.  [14]  In the last model, the pluricultural integration, minorities are oppressed and discriminated and have to struggle for recognition of their rights. This is mostly a case in multi-ethnic and multi-lingual societies that are taking account of cultural and religious diversity .  [15]   The evolution of democracy in developing countries is challenging and demands of different ethnic leaders make processes of nation-building in these countries even more fragile. But very important fact that there are efforts for building new architecture of democracy  [16]  That means that there are bigger emphasis on the ethnicity and ethnic equality and therefore these ideas counteract centralist/assimilatory tendencies  [17]  Four democratic innovations for states in inner conflict concordance, local representation, federalism and cultural autonomy. Concordance is a model that allows representatives of all important groups to participate in the political decision-making process  [18]  , offering large variety of institutional forms. Advantage of this form is creation of coalitions, where different groups have to cooperate to reach their goals. This model is of use when there is no strong majority to rule, because otherwise there is no need for coalition. Local representation represents most diverse representation of minorities possible  [19]  . It is also significant in the way that minorities are usually represented by their own representatives. In the elections, ethnic groups are finding coalitions and ways to cooperate and to enforce their interests. However, this model can deepen ethnic differences and policies might be strongly influences by individual ethnic interests instead of the ones of whole society.  [20]   Federalism offers different groups equal power but also identical rules to be followed. Groups deal with their matters individually, what makes system more flexible, decentralized and minorities more secure. On the other side, there is a danger of secession, where demands for greater autonomy can be continually rising.  [21]  FIND MORE The last model, cultural autonomy, is very focused to preserve and strengthen the identity of minorities  [22]  . There is emphasis on local languages and religions that are also considered to be official languages. That gives minorities ability to take care of their affairs individually, but on the other side, to deepen the differences between the groups (might not be an issue deals with minority language, legal pluralism) However, although state-building being a part of nation-building, it is important to distinguish between both of them: While state-building is focused only on building state institutions etc. a functional state apparatus nation-building is in many states a pre-requirement needed to be fulfilled before.  [23]  Especially in European countries, where a national identity already exists, only the state needs to be built around it. We can also observe this phenomenon, when we look upon the history of the modern (and in this case European) nation-state, where first a nation existed from which then a nation-state emerged. In post-colonial countries, in opposite, demarcations were made by the former colonial powers on interest lines and not according to ethnic groups, tribes or similar communities. This means in many cases, that a country either includes many different ethnic groups with different backgrounds, or that one ethnic group is spread in more than one country. This leads to arguments how a state should be governed and, through this, to weak states or weak state institutions. The political elements contain the nation-state and a high level of social mobilisation and political integration, which are, although not the central elements, some of the most important. Therefore, methods like material incentives (e.g. public service employment), cultural means (e.g. educational system and language policy) and compulsion need to be applied. Furthermore, when a government is finally introduced, it needs to consolidate its own position in the society.  [24]   The social mobility also needs to be built up, either in a bottom-up or top-down model. This implements that all members of society need to be involved, especially in the political and ideological process of shaping the nation. This is often a big change, as most weak states were formerly governed by only one part of the society which excluded/repressed the rest of the population. As everyone is supposed to participate, in this period of time, at least some democratic dialogue will take place. However, it is possible that the newly formed nation will in this dialogue agree on some authoritarian or totalitarian form of governance.  [25]   In this dialogue of constituting a nation, dormant conflicts will wake up, especially in the former excluded part of society. This might turn out to be more serious, when it is not clear who belongs to the nation. The problem arises especially, when the conflict is ethnically motivated (for instance because of the language or religion). Then, nation-building easily becomes repressive and lowers the social participation in the political discourse. There is also a need for the redistribution of power: old social and political structures will be (need to be?) destroyed, while new ones will be built up. This means, that, where local governments had most power, Hippler argues, a centralised government with a good local anchoring might be an advantage, as this ensures that new persons will take over.  [26]   As nation-building needs at least to some extend external help, especially in regards of providing security and building up a functioning infrastructure, the countrys government either needs to invite the international community, or this needs to intervene.  [27]  However, as the states of the international community will only act in a failing state if they see some advantage in it, there needs to be a trigger. This trigger could be for economic (the intervention of the USA to Iraq in 2003), security (the intervention of the NATO to Afghanistan in 2001) or for political and historical reasons (the intervention of the NATO in the Former Yugoslavian Republics in the 1990s).  [28]   The goal for intervening is not or not primarily nation-building; it needs to be seen as a necessity for reaching another goal. For example did the USA plan to leave Iraq after half a year and only realised after the end of the (official) war that it will take several years to build a nation and rebuild institutions.  [29]  This explains, why nation-building in many cases is only improvised, incontinent and lacks of preparation, as the war does not only destroy the balance of power in the intervened country but also entails a clash of power politics between internal and external players.  [30]  As it is the interference into the domestic politics of another country, Ignatieff stresses, nation-building has also imperial approaches.  [31]  A shift in the international discourse about an allowance of these imperial actions by putting them in the UN charter is discussed in the international community, as there is no dominant public position. But there can also be external efforts to internal nation-building that can be very helpful for the built state. A good example therefore was the nation-building in Afghanistan with the help of the USSR. Here, processes are supported from outside with positive efforts in political, social, security-policy and other domains. This is also possible in countries with different political embedding. However, then there is a greater emphasis on development and peace policies, although also other aid can be provided for a long term stabilisation.  [32]   In the case of external efforts for internal nation-building, it is important to see for the intervening state that often an area of conflict arises between the internal processes promoted and the often contradictory political objectives.  [33]   Internal nation-building should promote human rights, social equalisation, good governance and participative democracy. Imperial nation-building must recreate a nation-state and sometimes even the corresponding society. The desire to bring this about external players is the creation of an enormous dimension. However, the external governments are often not entirely conscientious of their action as they want/need to work economically and have a limited budget, while recreating a whole nation-state is financially very expensive, takes a lot of time it is calculated to take one or two generations, and is very personnel-intensive. If the intervening countries cannot fulfil these variables fully, they are likely to fail. This mostly happens in a change of government, what most likely occurs during the time frame of such an operation.  [34]   There are several fundamental problems that easily arise by imperial nation-building, meaning that one country intervenes another one and then rebuilds the nation:  [35]   Firstly, at the intervention but also throughout the whole process, there is a security problem: Usually, there is no real army to fight against, or it is just one part, but as the country is fragmented, the war is as well: Opponents are often warlords, terrorists and militias which fighters can be hardly recognised from civilians. Furthermore, their buildings are closely linked to civilians and common living spaces.(quote?) However, an army is only prepared to fight against clearly recognisable enemies and has in this case either only little power or civilian causalities need to be acceptable. The latter is usually not an option, as this is not only problematic in terms of ethics and international law but also contradictory to the overall aim, as the local people would not understand it. The second problem is the political problem of local rulers and warlords: As security is one of the major aims, for the intervening power as well as for the local population, a cooperation on the spot is often implemented. This can easily contradict to the aim of nation-building, because it usually means a cooperation with old local structures which are usually meant to be disband or with the use of other local power structures, militias, warlords and even criminal gangs as auxiliary troops. This was done by actors such as the UN (cooperation with a militia in Kosovo) and the USA (cooperation with warlords is Afghanistan and Iraq) for different interests: On the one hand, these auxiliary troops often find support in the local population and are therefore helpful, on the other hand they are potential enemies which are, at least for the time of cooperation, eliminated. This cooperation is built upon the proliferation of weapons and money towards these troops. But especially the latter becomes a problem in the further process. When peace and order are established, warlords, militias, etc. are supposed to be disarmed, what is very risky and needs a lot of money as well as personnel. A third fundamental problem is the question of resources: As already stated earlier, a nation-building process usually takes several years, a lot of money and personnel. The expected numbers are usually topped by the actual needs. A good example for this is the US intervention in Iraq, now going on for seven years instead of a supposed short-term mission by using almost double of the costs calculated.  [36]   Fourth, there is the internal political factor of the intervening state for a long term commitment. Especially in the Western world, the sense of the mission in regards of financial and human costs will be questioned after a short time. Also, due to the rise of interventions after the end of the Cold War, many states reach their military capacities by supporting one or two nation respective state-buildings (e.g. Germany with its soldiers in Kosovo and Afghanistan, the USA being in Iraq on top of its other operations). As a fifth fundamental problem, there should be mentioned conflicts of objective and means, as there is most often a conflict between the interest in actual nation-building and the interest of control. The latter needs certainly be focused on security reasons, because it can otherwise fall apart easily. In this context, nation-building becomes a means for social and political control of the country. That means that it is not any more an objective but becomes an instrument for other purposes. This comes, according to Hippler, down to three points describing the goals of imperial nation-building: [] (i) an emphasis on military, police and intelligence resources [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]; (ii) appropriate infrastructure measures [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] and (iii) strictly regulated democratisation and participation possibilities in order to include local political forces in the administration of the country and be better accepted among the public at large [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦].  [37]   The opposite of imperial nation-building is non-imperial or development policy nation-building. Its biggest argument is that nation-building must not be seen as a blueprint of Western democracies which shall be projected on Third World countries, including economy and democratic institutions; being also a major reason for the failure in Afghanistan. Rather it should have a sound and workable concept that suits the countrys nation to be built. An example for failing on this context is the Iraq, where the USA did not have a suitable plan at all.  [38]   Best prospects nation-building has when fulfilling certain functions for the society affected. These should be articulated by socio-economic and political groups. However, nation-building is less likely to be affective after current crises, as the society is already too split. Easier it is when the society is not split yet, meaning usually a solution before a crisis starts off. While for the latter a short-term solution is likely to solve the prospects of nation-building, the former means because of the great experience of violence a more important role of control and security for the (re-)integration of society. When talking about integration, the question of a targeted disintegration may arise in the sense of ethnic cleaning in order of building separate nation states. A central argument of supporters of this thought is that in countries where is, due to e.g. a genocide, only little chance of an integration of the enemy factions and that it is close to impossible to bring integration if not wanted by any of the parties. Opponents may reply that greater trouble will occur by displacing people what definitely would need to happen in border regions, but is also likely to happen in other regions. A separation would neither solve the problem entirely as the factions are like to start a new war afterwards.  [39]   Nation-building is a painful, contradictory and complex process which promises only success, when the affected populations living standards are improved and the population connects it to nation-building. If the living circumstances stay the same in the long term it is perceived to be artificial and more and more opposition will rise. However, over a short term, nation-building is tolerated when it arouses hope for the future instead of actually bringing improvements.  [40]   As a starting point, the new nation must have the feeling that the new nation-state is and will be capable of solving problems in the populations interest. This normally includes economic and socio-political components such as a safeguarding food supply, healthcare, jobs and accommodation, but should also contain personal security and infrastructure. But cultural symbols are for the integration of a nation equally important.  [41]   Another step to be made in connection to the improvement of living standards is the implementation of politicostructural changes. An optimal starting point for these are the internal cultural and political conditions in the newly built nation. However, although it should create the prerequisites of it equality, a fair fiscal system, education, etc., it should not form democracy itself.  [42]